In August, Chinese researchers debuted the world’s largest brain-inspired supercomputer. The Darwin Monkey is just the latest in a string of People’s Republic of China (PRC) artificial intelligence breakthroughs – including the DeepSeek surprise and humanoid robots that race half marathons. These advances make clear that the United States risks losing the Artificial Intelligence (AI) contest to China. Less clear are the consequences: What happens if China wins?

Unlike the United States, China is not competing to develop the best AI technologies. Instead, Beijing is competing to scale its technologies, cheaply and efficiently, so that tomorrow’s AI universe is built in a Chinese ecosystem. If Beijing succeeds, it will cement unprecedented global control: Beijing will govern the perceptions and behaviors of people, markets, and states. To stop China, the United States must adopt a new competitive approach, one that prioritizes technological scale, not sophistication – and embraces open-source.

The AI revolution creates a strategic opportunity for China. AI is reshaping the Internet-era global hierarchy, granting China the chance to leapfrog the United States for leadership. The AI revolution is also generating new........

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