Around a third of autistic people – children and adults alike – are unable to share what they want using speech.

You may have heard the term “non-verbal” to describe them, but that’s nearly always inaccurate. Many people without reliable speech still make noises which those close to them can interpret. Others use a small number of words or phrases.

You may also have heard of the term “selective mutism”. It means being unable to speak in some situations, and isn’t limited to autistic people. The NHS says that it is linked to anxiety in children.

But the word “selective” can be misleading. It doesn’t mean someone is choosing not to speak. For many autistic people, speaking can be impossible, extremely difficult, or even exhausting. So called “selective mutism” also isn’t limited to childhood.

For this reason, experts and those impacted increasingly use the term “semi-speaking”. It covers a wide range of people, from those who can say a few words now and then, to those who can speak fluently most of the time but not always.

Speech ability can also change depending on the environment. For example, being in a loud and bright space like a

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