The internet has provided a platform for people to express themselves in ways they might never attempt in face-to-face interactions. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the form of negative reviews, hateful comments on social media, harassment and other forms of online hostility. A Pew Research study (2021) indicates that approximately 41% of users in the United States have experienced some form of online harassment, including hateful comments and targeted abuse. A high prevalence of all online reviews are considered aggressive or hostile in tone with the desire to vent and punish. Consequently, 66% of social media users are reporting that their mental health was impacted due to exposure to toxic online environments[1]. But what drives individuals to write things online that they would never dare to say in person?

Psychology offers several explanations for this behavior. One key factor is the concept of online disinhibition. Behind the screen, people often feel anonymous and removed from the immediate consequences of their actions. This sense of invisibility can embolden individuals to express opinions or emotions they would otherwise suppress. The lack of direct feedback—such as seeing........

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