For over a century, centralized electricity grids have been the backbone of global energy infrastructure, enabling large-scale power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and industries. However, technological advancements in solar power and energy storage are rapidly making these grids obsolete. The rise of decentralized energy systems, driven by affordability, efficiency, and resilience, signals a profound shift in how the world produces and consumes electricity.

Despite the global shift toward decentralized energy, policies and regulatory measures in Pakistan have made it increasingly difficult for homeowners and businesses to install and benefit from solar power. The government has imposed net metering restrictions, reducing the financial incentives for feeding excess solar energy back into the grid. Additionally, higher taxes and import duties on solar panels and batteries have increased costs for consumers, discouraging investment in renewable energy. These measures are often driven by pressure from centralized utilities, which see rooftop solar as a threat to their business model. Without significant policy reforms, Pakistan risks lagging in the global transition to clean and independent energy systems.As we will see below, in the wake of advancing technology, these measures will prove futile and will have severe economic costs for a government unaware of emerging realities.

Solar energy has evolved from a niche technology to a mainstream power source, thanks to dramatic reductions in cost and improvements in efficiency. Over the past decade, the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules has plummeted by nearly 90%, making solar one of the most affordable energy sources in many regions.

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