The kidneys are a pair of organs situated in the back of the abdomen. Normal function of the kidneys is essential to maintain what is known as homeostasis—that is, the ability of the body to maintain its internal environment stable at all times.

Therefore, it is the responsibility of the kidneys to maintain normal balance of water, salt and all the other electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, etc.

The kidney also maintains normal amounts of haemoglobin, which is responsible for delivery of oxygen to the tissues, in addition to a large number of other functions. It is clear from that that abnormal kidney function can result in abnormalities of all of these and cause........

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