One of the foundational lessons in introductory economics concerns the central problems faced by any economy, particularly the question of “What to produce.” This principle, it seems, is one that policymakers in Islamabad have chosen to overlook. The concept essentially outlines that, due to the scarcity of resources, an economy must decide how to allocate its limited means between producing consumer goods or capital goods, and between essential items and luxury commodities.

In a world increasingly shaped by globalization, frequent uncertainties, and economic disruptions resulting from epidemics, natural disasters, financial crises, or macroeconomic instabilities, the role of governments has become more focused and vital. It is now widely accepted that governments are responsible for ensuring the welfare of their citizens. Effective governance, in this context, requires the provision of basic amenities, access to public goods, and the creation of opportunities that enable an improved standard of living.

Yet the current direction of Pakistan’s governance appears to depart from this obligation. Returning to the fundamental economic dilemma of what to produce, one observes that, in light of the severe challenges Pakistan has faced in recent years such as natural calamities, pandemics, and economic downturns, the government’s agenda ought to prioritize socio-economic development, growth, and the well-being of its population. This would logically include enhancing infrastructure, expanding access to education, and increasing employment........

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