A doctor checks a prescription with artificial intelligence (AI): Could medicines interact; has anything been missed? At home, their patient asks AI whether the diagnosis is correct and prescribed medicines necessary. A doctor and their patient may consult the same third participant, often unaware of the other’s actions. Ideally, a “second opinion” should help. But, what happens when AI disagrees with the doctor or with another AI programme? And if its advice causes harm, who is responsible?

The question now is: “How much care should AI be allowed to perform?”

An expert article in JAMA predicts autonomous AI may eventually outperform doctors on some cognitive tasks. And a 2026 study published in Nature that tested an autonomous system, MIRA, with simulated electronic health records shows that across 311 cases, AI’s diagnostic accuracy was 87.8% versus 78.1% among physicians. So, there........

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