Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as the defining technology of the twenty-first century. Its applications in healthcare, education, finance, manufacturing and public administration are transforming the way economies function and societies interact. Like the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century, AI promises higher productivity, accelerated innovation and substantial wealth creation. Yet, it has also revived an enduring political and economic question: who should benefit from technological progress?

The AI revolution has generated extraordinary wealth for a small number of technology companies that possess advanced computing infrastructure, proprietary algorithms and access to vast amounts of data. Their rapid growth has raised concerns that the gains from AI may be concentrated among a narrow group of corporations and investors, while large sections of society bear the costs of economic disruption. Automation threatens to replace certain categories of employment, while the growing dominance of digital platforms has intensified concerns regarding market concentration and economic inequality. Alongside these economic concerns are important ethical questions. AI systems can reproduce social biases, compromise privacy and enable sophisticated forms of surveillance. Decisions affecting employment, credit, healthcare and public services........

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