The entry into force this month of the European Union (EU)’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, to regulate general-purpose AI (GPAI) models, has been widely hailed a landmark. According to the law, the generality of AI models can be determined, among others, when models use at least a billion parameters and are trained with a large volume of data using self-supervision at scale and capable of performing a wide range of distinct tasks. A typical example of GPAI is a generative AI model that has in-built flexibility to generate content as text, image, and audio and video files. To demonstrate adherence to the onerous obligations, the law requires the high-tech industry to adopt a voluntary code of practice, an interim tool to promote compliance before harmonised European standards........

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