Governance defines the frameworks and processes through which a nation manages its affairs. It shapes every sector of society and determines whether socio-economic development is sustainable, inclusive, and equitable. Built on the pillars of rule of law, transparency, and accountability, good governance ensures fair resource allocation and creates space for participation, innovation, and long-term national growth.

Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 16 and the URAAN Pakistan (National Economic Transformation Plan), ongoing reform efforts aim to strengthen institutions, improve service delivery, and promote accountability through modernization and capacity development.

Yet, the World Bank Governance Indicators Report 2023 offers a sobering reminder: Pakistan continues to lag behind regional counterparts. This is despite a number of initiatives undertaken by the current federal government led by Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif. The comparative data underscores the need for greater attention to local government systems, political stability, and institutional reforms-particularly in areas tied to rule of law and socio-economic progress.

The federal government has laid out an ambitious multi-sectoral reform agenda for the current financial year. According to official sources, the governance program focuses on institutional strengthening, market development, inclusive growth,........

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