Pakistan’s agricultural sector stands as a cornerstone of its economy, contributing approximately 23 percent to the GDP and employing over 37 percent of the national labor force.

With agricultural land covering 47 percent of the national territory—surpassing the global average of 38 percent—the sector’s significance extends beyond mere statistics, as it generates roughly 70 percent of the country’s export revenue, either directly or indirectly.

The country’s agricultural landscape is divided into three distinct geographical regions: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain in the center and east, and the Balochistan Plateau in the south and west.

The fertile Indus River plains, enriched by mineral-laden waters and alluvial deposits from major rivers and tributaries, have historically been the nation’s agricultural heartland.

In recent years, Pakistan’s agricultural sector has faced mounting challenges that threaten its stability and future growth. Despite contributing less than 1 percent to global greenhouse gas emissions, Pakistan ranks among the top ten countries most affected by climate change. The devastating floods of 2022 exemplified this vulnerability, causing extensive damage to crops and livestock, disrupting infrastructure, and triggering sharp increases in food prices.

The information is textbook, and straight out of various published........

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