Bangladesh is facing one of the most severe security crises in its modern history, following the collapse of its government in August 2024. The crisis, which began as a student-led protest over the government’s quota system, rapidly escalated into nationwide unrest, leading to a breakdown of law and order, mass prison escapes, and a rise in militants activity. The events have exposed profound weaknesses in both the country’s law enforcement and prison management systems, raising urgent questions about Bangladesh’s ability to maintain internal security and governance.

The crisis began on July 19, 2024, when protesters stormed the district prison in Narsingdi as part of the anti-quota reform movement. The attack resulted in the escape of all 826 prisoners, including nine militants with known ties to banned extremist organizations. This unprecedented breach of prison security highlighted systemic vulnerabilities within the correctional system, as well as the inability of law enforcement to contain large-scale civil unrest. By July 25, authorities reported that 451 inmates had surrendered voluntarily, while an additional 30 individuals, including three militants, were arrested. However, over 300 prisoners remained at large, underscoring the magnitude of the security lapse. The prison superintendent, Abul Kalam Azad, and the jailer, Kamrul Islam, were subsequently dismissed in recognition of the severity of the breach.

Originally, the anti-quota reform movement was driven by students protesting perceived inequities in government employment quotas. However, the movement quickly transformed into a broader anti-discrimination uprising with nationwide support. By early August, the protests had gained such intensity that Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fled to India on August 5, amid mounting public pressure and widespread demonstrations. Following her departure, top officials of the ruling Awami League went into hiding, with many seeking refuge abroad. This political vacuum left the country without a........

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