'I've had 100 operations and will never stop' - inside China's cosmetic surgery boom
Abby Wu was just 14 when she had cosmetic surgery for the first time.
After receiving hormone treatment for an illness, Abby's weight increased from 42kg (6 stone 8lbs) to 62kg (9 stone 11lbs) in two months.
The change hadn't gone unnoticed by her drama teacher.
"My teacher said, 'You were our star but now you're too fat. Either give up or lose weight fast,'" recalls Abby, who was preparing for her drama exams at the time.
Abby's mother stepped in, taking her to get liposuction to remove fat from her belly and legs.
Abby remembers her mother's words as she waited in the clinic in a hospital gown, nervous about the impending operation.
"Just be brave and walk in. You'll become pretty once you're out."
The surgery was traumatic. Abby was only given partial anaesthesia and remained conscious throughout.
"I could see how much fat was extracted from my body and how much blood I was losing," she says.
Now 35, Abby has gone on to have more than 100 procedures, costing half a million dollars.
She co-owns a beauty clinic in central Beijing and has become one of the most recognisable faces of China's plastic surgery boom.
But the surgeries have come at a physical cost.
Sitting in front of a mirror inside her luxury duplex apartment in Beijing, she gently dabs concealer onto bruises from a recent face-slimming injection - a procedure she undergoes monthly to help her face appear "firmer and less chubby" after three jaw reduction surgeries removed too much bone.
But she insists she has no regrets about the surgeries and believes her mother made the right decision all those years ago.
"The surgery worked. I became more confident and happier, day by day. I think my mum made the right call."
Once seen as taboo, plastic surgery has exploded in popularity over the last 20 years in China, fuelled by rising disposable incomes and shifts in social attitudes, in large part driven by social media.
Every year, 20 million Chinese people pay for cosmetic procedures.
Overwhelmingly, it is young women who seek surgery. Eighty per cent of patients are women and the average age of someone receiving surgery is 25.
While appearance has always been important in Chinese culture, particularly for women, beauty standards in the country are changing.
For years, the most sought-after features were a blend of Western ideals, anime fantasy and K-Pop inspiration: The double eyelid, the sculpted jawline, the prominent nose, and the symmetrical face.
But lately, more disturbing procedures are on the rise - chasing an unrealistic, hyper-feminine, almost infantile ideal.
Botox is now injected behind the ears to tilt them forward, creating the illusion of a smaller, daintier face.
Lower eyelid surgery, inspired by the glassy gaze of anime heroines, widens the eyes for an innocent, childlike look.
Upper lip shortening narrows the space between lip and nose, thought to signal youth.
But much of this beauty is built for the screen. Under filters and ring lights, the results can look flawless. In real life, the effect is often uncanny - a face not quite human, not quite child.
Cosmetic surgery apps like SoYoung (New Oxygen) and GengMei (More Beautiful) - claiming to offer algorithm-driven analysis of "facial imperfections" - have been surging in popularity.
After scanning........
© BBC
