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Anirudh Kanisetti

Anirudh Kanisetti

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How pragmatic calculations shaped Mughal rule in medieval West Bengal and Tamil Nadu

In the late 18th century, Nawab Muhammad Ali Walajah shared his royal accoutrements—the markers of sovereignty—with both the Nathar Wali shrine...

latest 5

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Anirudh Kanisetti

History of Indians in the Arab world—port builders, Jat governor, translators, and slaves

From the buffalo herders who built one of the world’s greatest medieval ports to academics translating Sanskrit works, here is one part of the...

30.04.2026 10

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Sabarimala god Ayyappa has many meanings. One of his forms is a deity for women

Tamil Nadu’s village-god Ayyanar is converging with the epic mythology and pilgrimage of Ayyappa at Sabarimala. This will have long-lasting effects...

16.04.2026 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

How Ayyappa went from a local forest deity to Kerala’s most controversial God

The taboo on women’s entry was in practice by 1820, when the British lieutenants Ward and Conner wrote of the Sabarimala temple.

09.04.2026 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Religion was not a consistent barrier for temple or mosque entry in India. It’s caste doing

Brahmins and Ashraafs not only set the rules for social climbing but also imposed rigid categories on the masses through their proximity to British...

26.03.2026 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Long before LPG queues, here’s how Indian kingdoms dealt with hoarding and famine

From Kautilya’s Arthashastra to Mughal policies and British non-intervention, India’s response to supply shocks has long been defined by the role...

19.03.2026 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

India has lost the language for Iran

When the British replaced Persian with English as the administrative language in 1837, they uprooted a seven-century tradition that had become, in...

12.03.2026 30

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Corruption was widely documented in medieval India. Spies kept an eye on kings, bureaucracy

From the inception of Indian statecraft, political theorists were aware of the dangers of corruption. Arthashastra recommends that all senior...

12.02.2026 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

India lived in ancient Europe as a positive ‘Other’. Ties are way older than colonialism

Stories of Indian spices, beasts, saints, and kings fired the European imagination for a thousand years. India anchored Europe’s sense of the world.

05.02.2026 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Brahmins weren’t always ‘dominant’ in medieval India. How history can decode UGC controversy

Temples, military labour markets, and land-grant regimes structured medieval caste hierarchies. Today, access to education, employment, bureaucratic...

29.01.2026 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

From Bronze Age migrations to British Raj—how ideas stopped flowing between India and Iran

As early states developed in the Iranian plateau and northern India, ideas continued to circulate between the steppe and the settlements of the...

15.01.2026 40

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Why Bihar migrates has a 500-year old answer — from Mughal taxpayers to peasant warriors

Migration in North India isn’t just due to lack of development today. It was shaped by the evolution of labour markets under Sher Shah, Mughals, and...

04.12.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Not just Nehru, even Hindutva stems from Macaulay legacy

The Indian Right and Liberals all accepted the British conception of Hindu, Muslim and British India and the country's eventual decline. What they...

20.11.2025 10

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Zohran Mamdani’s New York win revives a forgotten history — of Gujarati Muslim cosmopolitanism

From Mughal ports to Dutch wars to Bombay’s merchant dynasties, Gujarati Muslims once shaped the Indian Ocean world — long before one of their...

13.11.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Nur Jahan to Chand Bibi—Indian women in sports have been erased from history

Dice have been found dating to the Bronze Age in various Harappan sites in present-day northwest India and throughout Pakistan. And it’s very...

06.11.2025 10

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Here’s how Khilji, Akbar, and Hindu rulers dealt with Halal

In Medieval India, the late Prof Satish Chandra demonstrates how Muslim rulers in India quickly grasped that pristine notions of Halal and haram did...

30.10.2025 10

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Anirudh Kanisetti

How did Nepal become a ‘Hindu Rashtra’?

Nepal called itself ‘world’s only Hindu kingdom’ for much of the previous century. However, for most of history, the country was religiously,...

25.09.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Fatehpur Sikri was extraordinarily well-provided with water. Lessons for modern India

How three of the most important medieval metropolises—Vijayanagara, Bijapur, and Fatehpur Sikri—managed the challenges of inclement weather.

28.08.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

What a Tamil town tells us about votes, caste, and fraud in medieval India

Nepotism seems to have been a concern in Uttaramerur elections. That's why the drawing of ballots was done by a child and executives' relatives were...

21.08.2025 10

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Did the Cholas really have a navy?

Much of what we know about the Cholas depends almost entirely on inscriptions—an approach that lags decades behind global academic standards.

07.08.2025 10

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Do Chola kings represent a culturally united Hindu India? It’s a modern fantasy

Rather than encourage a deeper understanding of regional histories, we are instead forcing a remarkable medieval society into today’s culture wars.

31.07.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Shaivites wiped out Jain influence in medieval Karnataka—200 years before Delhi Sultans

The Republic of India’s understanding of religious policy should not be based only on this or that North Indian Sultan, but on a sober understanding...

03.07.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Indians ruled Gulf through Hormuz. They paid to ban public cow slaughter, built temples

About a third of all homes in Bandar Abbas belonged to Indians. There was a large temple, and Hindu processions were allowed; the Banias also paid the...

26.06.2025 30

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Anirudh Kanisetti

The history of Indian caste censuses is the history of Indian statecraft

By the 18th century, Maratha dominions and other Indian states had developed fairly detailed caste enumerations, used to regulate hierarchies and...

19.06.2025 30

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Dogs were adored in medieval India. They saved cows from asuras, fought boars & tigers

When Alexander arrived in the Indus Valley in 326 BCE, a local Indian tribe entertained him by setting their mastiffs loose on lions.

12.06.2025 30

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Which is the oldest Dravidian language—Kannada or Tamil? Listen to scientists, not celebrities

Multiple lines of evidence show Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Indo-Aryan speakers migrated at various points all across the subcontinent. Prehistoric...

05.06.2025 50

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Sanskrit didn’t always drive innovation in ancient India. There are two reasons

Sanskrit was seen as the language of divinity, thus the main current of Sanskrit knowledge tended to be conservative, resistant to new developments.

29.05.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Who is the real Vikramaditya? Behind myth & legend is the story of a successful Gupta king

Buddhist legends, Jain stories, Shaivite rituals—everyone wanted a piece of the mythical king Vikramaditya.

22.05.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Medieval Kashmir was confidently multicultural. And dazzled the world with art and ideas

Kashmiri art once outshone China, and its poets were sought after as far south as the Deccan — to say nothing of the vast reach of its textiles.

15.05.2025 10

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Cholas and Chaulukyas understood tariffs and taxes better than Trump does

In the 11th century, Chola emperor Kulottunga I abolished all commercial tolls. His policies improved the circulation of commodities, leading to a...

10.04.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

What you don’t know about Aurangzeb’s tomb. Shahuji’s visit, Sufi love for Ellora Temples

We also know of generations of Deccan Muslim teachers, scholars, and rulers who were buried at Khuldabad before and after Aurangzeb. They had nothing...

20.03.2025 30

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Holi wasn’t always about Holika burning. Medieval India called it festival of Kama

The ‘eastern’ tradition of Holika-burning moved deeper into the Gangetic Plains. Gaudiya Vaishnavism, from Bengal, took root in Mughal-ruled...

13.03.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Vedas don’t mention Hindu pilgrimages. When did they become mainstream?

Hinduism is, above all, a religion in motion. More importantly, the loud online proclamations of what Hinduism 'really' is is part of the religion’s...

27.02.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti

Was sati a British myth about India? Medieval memorial stones hold the truth

After Amish Tripathi and Bhavish Aggarwal questioned the reality of sati, liberals are claiming that the ritual was endemic to Hindu society. Neither...

20.02.2025 20

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Anirudh Kanisetti