For decades, the global oil story has been shaped by a single, powerful axis: the Gulf. Countries like Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait have not only held vast reserves, but also mastered the art of influencing global supply and therefore global politics. Through institutions like OPEC, they turned oil into a strategic tool, shaping prices, alliances, and even conflicts.

But the world is changing. The era of singular dominance is slowly giving way to something more complex: a multipolar energy order.

Today, oil power is no longer concentrated in one region alone. New players have emerged, old players have adapted, and energy itself is evolving. Countries such as the United States, driven by the shale revolution, have transformed from major importers into leading producers. Russia continues to wield energy as a geopolitical instrument, especially in its relations with Europe........

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