This is the 22nd part of a series on Christianity and the history of antisemitism. While we are often reminded to “Never forget,” many of us were never taught this history.

The relationship between Christian Zionists and American Jews is rapidly changing post-October 7. Many Christian Zionists have been shocked by the antisemitism on college campuses and within other elements of society, prompting them to re-evaluate their relationships with American Jews. Notably, in communities where local Jewish groups have constructively engaged with local Christian Zionists, there has been a notable thawing in relationships and a tangible strengthening of communal defenses against antisemitism.

Yet, as important as these developments are, when addressing Christian Zionism, Dispensationalism, and antisemitism, it is crucial to approach these topics with nuance, carefully avoiding the conflation or overgeneralization of distinct theological positions and movements. Christian Zionism itself is not monolithic and can be broadly understood through at least three significant strands, each with unique theological frameworks, historical contexts, and varying susceptibilities to antisemitism.

First, Premillennial Dispensationalists trace their theological lineage to John Nelson Darby, with figures such as William E. Blackstone popularizing these beliefs in the United States. Historically, this group has at times intersected with antisemitic sentiments, particularly during the interwar period and the late 19th century. Specific elements, such as Darby’s peculiar version of “dual covenant”........

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