In Parashat Chukat, the Torah recounts two remarkably similar diplomatic initiatives. Yet their outcomes—and the lessons they teach—could not be more different.

As the Israelites continue their journey toward the Promised Land, they send messengers to the king of Edom requesting permission to pass through his territory. Their appeal is respectful and restrained. They promise not to enter fields or vineyards, not to drink from local wells, and not to stray from the king’s highway. They seek neither land nor resources—only safe passage.

Nor is the refusal merely diplomatic. The Edomites mobilize a substantial military force and position themselves against Israel. Faced with this rejection, the Israelites withdraw and embark upon a far longer and more difficult route around Edom. The detour proves physically exhausting and emotionally draining, contributing to the frustration and discouragement that soon spread throughout the camp.

Shortly thereafter, the Torah describes a strikingly similar encounter. This time, Israel sends messengers to Sihon, king of the Amorites, requesting passage through his land. Once again, Israel pledges to remain on the main road and refrain from using local resources. Once again, the request is........

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