The flash floods that ravaged Dharali in Uttarkashi are a grim reminder that India’s most fragile landscapes remain dangerously under-watched. Despite decades of warning signs, the Himalayan region continues to lack the basic infrastructure needed to anticipate, let alone avert, such disasters. The fact that meteorologists cannot even conclusively identify whether a cloudburst or a glacial lake outburst triggered the destruction is not a reflection of nature’s unpredictability, it is a damning indictment of the country’s data deficit.

The confusion surrounding the cause stems from the absence of real-time weather monitoring in the upper reaches of Uttarkashi. Dharali, perched at 8,000 feet, had no local station capable of detecting or measuring the rainfall intensity that preceded the disaster. The nearest weather instruments are kilometres away, making it impossible to capture hyper-local cloud activity, especially in........

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