The 21st century has ushered in an era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), drones, robots, and advanced missile systems. These technologies are not only transforming civilian life but also reshaping military strategies and global security. Their present status reflects rapid innovation, while their future consists of unprecedented opportunities and several ethical challenges. Artificial Intelligence today is the backbone of modern technological progress. In the military domain, AI is used for surveillance, logistics, and decision-support systems.

Programmes such as the U.S. Department of Defence’s Project Maven employ AI to analyse vast amounts of imagery, reducing the time needed to identify potential targets. AI supports predictive maintenance, a more advanced and data-driven activity with the help of sensors, and machine learning to monitor equipment in real time, thereby ensuring that complex machinery operates efficiently and safely. In civilian life, AI is integrated into healthcare diagnostics, agriculture monitoring, and financial systems. The future of AI points toward greater autonomy, with systems capable of making independent decisions in real time. However, this raises ethical concerns, particularly the use of AI in lethal autonomous (self-governed) weapons. Scholars and policymakers emphasise on international regulation to prevent misuse of AI and ensure accountability. Drones are being used in both civilian and military sectors.

Militaries worldwide deploy drones for exploring, observing, surveillance, and precision strikes. For example, FPV (First-Person View) drones are increasingly used in modern conflicts to attack armoured targets with remarkable accuracy. They are reshaping battlefield tactics by offering real-time situational awareness and precision engagement. In civilian applications, drones deliver packages, monitor crops, and assist in disaster relief operations. Their ability to access difficult terrains makes them invaluable in emergencies. Looking ahead, drone swarms (a large group of........

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