India’s demographic story is changing and with it comes a new set of opportunities and challenges

India, with concerns about overpopulation, now faces a very different demographic dilemma — one marked not by too many births, but by too few. According to the UNFPA’s State of World Population 2025 report, India’s total fertility rate has dropped to 1.9, slipping below the replacement level of 2.1. This means that, on average, Indian women are having fewer children than required to maintain the population size over time. While India remains the most populous country in the world with a population of 1.46 billion, the nature of this growth is undergoing a significant shift. The days of large families are fading, replaced by a quieter but deeply transformative trend of smaller households and fewer births. This decline in........

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