For decades, Karachi's citizens have been forced to live under the shadow of an exploitative water economy - one controlled not by the state, but by illegal mafias. Sindh Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah's latest promises of "zero tolerance" towards illegal hydrants and tanker operators sound reassuring, but they are far from new. Hydrant demolitions and a few arrests have been made time and again, yet the tanker mafia continues to flourish.

The facts presented to the CM at a recent........

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