Beginning as a small pact of nations united to combat separatism, sectarianism and terrorism, SCO has morphed into an economic and strategic alliance, now envisioning the leverage of a mega-scale market that represents 42% of the global population, 25% of the global landmass and 24% of global GDP.

The transformation of SCO into a broad-spectrum consortium has laid out a roadmap for peace and prosperity under three guiding principles: multipolarity; inclusive globalisation; and equitable global governance. The goals of indivisible security and a Eurasian security framework can only be achieved by acting upon these principles. Furthermore, these principles align with China's Vision 2050, which stresses that Global South must strive for a new economic framework, a new civilisation initiative, new connectivity corridors and new security arrangements. Taken together, these commitments represent a rule-based world order, using the UN Charter as its Magna Carta.

The SCO format, outlined above, is both complex and ambitious. It not only encompasses........

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