Nestled in the Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh boasts a rich legacy of traditional crafts. Among these, weaving stands as a cornerstone of its cultural heritage. This ancient art form is more than mere textile production — it’s a medium of storytelling that blends functionality with intricate artistry.

The weaving traditions of Himachal Pradesh, particularly the Kullu shawls and Chamba rumals, are renowned for their intricate designs and historical significance, cementing the state’s role as a key centre for preserving India’s handloom legacy.

Kullu shawls: A symphony of patterns and colours

Weaving in Himachal Pradesh dates back approximately 5,000 years, with the Kullu region emerging as a significant hub for this craft. Originally, Kullu shawls were plain, but the 1940s saw the introduction of vibrant geometric patterns, influenced by craftsmen from Bushehar.

These shawls are characterised by a plain woollen body adorned with bold, colourful borders featuring intricate geometric designs. Wool, the primary material of these shawls, is sourced from local sheep and provides warmth during the harsh winters.

Weaving is also deeply ingrained in community life, with men and women participating equally. Most households even own a pit loom, where this rich tradition is kept alive.

Chamba rumal: The embroidered narratives

Chamba, a quaint town tucked in the Himalayas, is renowned for its cultural heritage. The Chamba rumal, or handkerchief, is an embroidered handicraft that flourished under the patronage of the Chamba kingdom’s rulers. These rumals often depict scenes from epics, such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, reflecting the region’s storytelling tradition.

The embroidery technique, known as dohara tanka or double satin stitch, ensures that the design appears identical on both sides of the fabric. This nuanced method was influenced by the Mughal art of Chamba miniature paintings, which thrived during the 18th and 19th centuries.

The earliest known Chamba rumal, crafted by Bebe Nanaki, the sister of Guru Nanak, in the 16th century, is preserved in a gurudwara in Punjab’s Hoshiarpur.

Preservation and contemporary relevance

In today’s world, where mass-produced goods often overshadow traditional crafts, the making of kanghi (a vital component of the loom) remains a symbol of Himachal Pradesh’s lustrous cultural heritage.