Cancer treatment has made remarkable strides. New drugs and technologies have changed outcomes for many patients, turning some once-fatal diagnoses into manageable conditions. Yet despite these advances, there are limits to what a single treatment approach can achieve. Tumors are adaptive and complex; they can find ways to bypass even the most sophisticated therapies.

Few phrases strike more fear in cancer patients than “Your cancer is no longer responding to treatment.” That moment, however, has also fueled a growing interest in combination therapy for cancer, the strategic use of two or more treatments with different mechanisms of action.

Oncologists have long paired chemotherapy drugs or combined chemotherapy with radiation. Today, the toolkit is broader than ever: targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and precision forms of radiation can be matched to a patient’s unique tumor biology, opening the door to new combinations and, in many cases, renewed hope. As a result, around

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