Toxic relationships, characterized by manipulation, disrespect, emotional volatility, or abuse, are more common than many realize. Despite the pain they cause, leaving a toxic relationship can be incredibly difficult. For those outside looking in, the question often arises: “Why do people stay?” The answer lies in a complex mix of psychological, emotional, and social factors.

Abusers often use tactics like gaslighting or constant criticism to make their partner question their self-worth. This emotional manipulation can lead individuals to doubt their own perceptions, making them feel incapable of making sound decisions, including the decision to leave (Sweet, 2019). Additionally, emotional dependency may develop when someone becomes overly reliant on their partner for validation and identity, making separation feel psychologically threatening.

According to Baumeister and Leary’s (1995) "need to belong" theory, humans have a basic drive to form and maintain close interpersonal relationships. When self-esteem is low, this need can overpower rational assessments of safety or

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