One of the special features of logic-based therapy (LBT), in contrast to other forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), is LBT’s matching of “guiding virtues” to “cardinal fallacies.” According to LBT, there are 11 groups of fallacies that are often embedded in the reasoning processes of emotions such as anxiety, depression, guilt, and anger. There, they tend to generate the negative interoceptive feelings and self-defeating behavioral dispositions associated with these emotions.

For each of these fallacies, there is at least one virtue that can help a person overcome the tendency to commit it. These virtues comprise aspirational goals that can give the client something exciting and liberating to aim at. For example, courage is the guiding virtue of catastrophizing, and global respect is the guiding virtue of global........

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