Geography is the understanding of the physical features of the world. It explains why some areas are rich in natural resources, why some lands are fertile, and some are barren. It explains the importance of mountains and deserts. It helps us understand how the weather and climate shape the environment, and why some regions experience heavy snowfall while others endure scorching heat. The forests, rivers, and mountain ranges themselves shape the geography. At the micro level, it influences family relations over a division of family land. Apart from this, it has also influenced power, state relations, trade, and strategies. This influence, we generally refer to as geopolitics.  In simple terms, almost everyone strives to get better geography, whether it is a state or a person. It is geography that makes one place strategically and economically important.

Tim Marshal, in his book ‘The Prisoner of Geography,’ says that we have always been molded by the land that we live on. The conflicts, authority, politics, and social evolution of the peoples that now occupy almost every region of the planet have all been influenced by it. In general, no geographic component is more significant than any other. Rivers are no more substantial than forests, and mountains are no more important than deserts. Various geographical characteristics are among the main determinants of what individuals may and cannot accomplish in various regions of the world. 

The case of Pakistan presents an interesting story to the readers of geography and geopolitics. Pakistan has a remarkable geography in terms of location and resources. Bordering Iran to the west, Afghanistan to the Northwest, China to the North, India to the East, and the Arabian Sea to the South, Pakistan’s geography is strategically vital. It offers China a shorter and strategically safer route through the Arabian Sea, avoiding the vulnerable chokepoint of the........

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