Beyond a shadow of doubt, outer space has evolved from a realm of scientific exploration to an arena of strategic dominance and weaponization. Today’s world sees space through a militarized lens, adding new layers of complexity to the global security dynamics. From satellite communication to space probe exploration to spatial weaponization, the world is again fighting for outer space’s geostrategic, military, and economic domination. All across the globe, nations are involved in formulating and strengthening their space policies to gain an advantage over others. In this regard, Pakistan’s entry into space policy is not optional but imperative.

Considering the unfolding race in South Asia, India’s entry into space, antagonistic to Chinese space ambitions, has marked a new era of the space race. India’s spatial development is marked by aggressive ASAT (anti-satellite) development and testing under the “Mission Shakti.” Moreover, India’s advent in space technology and militarization is a grave threat to Pakistan’s nuclear deterrence, as the former will lead to the failure of Pakistan’s nuclear triad with the deployment of space-to-earth nuclear weapons. It will ultimately push Pakistan towards the brink of a security crisis.

Thus, Pakistan’s entry into the South Asian space race is not a choice but a necessity. Amidst this regional surge, Pakistan is lagging far behind in this discourse. Therefore, the absence of a comprehensive space policy, coupled with an increasing legal void and outdated infrastructure, has led to a tilt in power politics towards India. This article will critically examine the is and the oughts of Pakistan’s space policy, its legal framework, and its impacts on the region’s power dynamics.

India’s entry into the space arena is marked by a robust $59.9 million investment in 2024, leading to the title of low-cost innovation leader, having the cheapest space missions with the highest success rate. The long-term investment in growing civil and military capabilities has made India one of the top five spacefaring nations globally and the 6th country with the most satellites in space. The major achievements of ISRO include “Chandrayaan” (Moon mission), “Mangalyaan” (Mars mission), and “Gaganyaan” (upcoming human space flight mission). The 2019 Mission Shakti led to ASAT development, elevating India to a space power status with increasing space-to-earth surveillance capabilities. India to date adopts a “no first use policy” but has integrated space-based assets into the joint tri-doctrine of C4IS, ballistic missiles, and early warning.

China has firmly established itself as a globa

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