A business’ tax and benefit obligations are limited when a worker is a contractor. But misclassification can be costly.

When you’re a small business, you may not have the resources (nor the need) for a full-time staff. You might choose to have one or two employees who work part-time, one or two who work full-time, or, depending on your circumstances, you might fill in the gaps seasonally by hiring temporary employees. From a tax and employment law perspective, all of them could potentially be your employees.

Sometimes employers assume that only full-time, permanent workers are employees. This is not true. Employees can be full-time or part-time, seasonal or year-round, temporary or permanent. The question of how to classify workers as employees versus independent contractors depends on many factors, but the length of employment is not one of them.

What distinguishes an employee from an independent contractor? If a worker is an employee, the employer has certain tax obligations on behalf of the worker. In contrast, an employer does not withhold any payroll taxes, including Social Security and Medicare taxes, nor does it pay the employer portion of those taxes for an independent contractor.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) says that the general rule is that an individual is considered an independent contractor if the person paying for the work has the right to control or direct only the result of the work, not the manner in which it is done. Or, to put it simply, it’s a question of control: The more you control the terms of the employment, the more likely it is that you are an employer.

Obviously, control is relevant and cases are fact-specific. In an effort to clarify this, in 1987, the IRS developed a list of 20 factors to be considered. Those were memorialized in Revenue Ruling 87-41. (A revenue ruling is an official interpretation by the IRS of the Internal........

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