Bedsores are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. They commonly develop on areas of the body where bone is close to the skin (e.g., hips, heels, elbows, tailbone). Bedsores form when continuous pressure cuts off blood supply to parts of the body, especially over bony areas. Without blood flow, the skin and tissues don’t get oxygen and nutrients, leading to tissue damage and death over time. They typically occur in people who are bedridden, use a wheelchair, or are unable to change position frequently, such as during hospitalization or long-term illness.

Common causes of the bedsores include: a. Prolonged pressure: Especially on bony areas like heels, hips, sacrum (lower back), and shoulders. Shear: When the skin moves in one direction and the bone in another (e.g., sliding down a bed). Friction: Skin rubbing against bedding or clothing. Moisture: From sweat, urine, or feces — increases skin vulnerability. Poor nutrition and hydration: Slows down skin repair and immune function. Medical conditions: Diabetes, vascular diseases, or paralysis can increase risk. b. Symptoms by Stage: Bedsores are categorized into four stages: Stage 1 (Mild): Skin is red or discolored. May be painful, warm, or itchy. Skin is intact (not broken). Stage 2: Skin breaks open, wears away, or forms a shallow sore. Looks like an abrasion or blister. Painful and tender. Stage 3: Deeper wound that extends into the fat layer. May appear like a crater. Risk of infection increases. Stage 4 (Severe): Deep wound exposing muscle, bone, or tendons. Often infected and may have dead tissue (eschar). Healing is difficult and slow. c. Complications: Infection (cellulitis, sepsis,........

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