From the days of spears and swords, humans have always fought each other, either one-on-one or in groups.

Fast forward to gunpowder, industrial revolutions, air power, and revolutions in military affairs (RMA), it was always humans-built arms equipment used against humans, either combatants or non-combatants. However, a lot has changed since the information revolution in the late 20th Century, particularly in the nature and character of warfare.

With the advent of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), though I would prefer to call them Non-humanoid Aerial Vehicles (NHAVs), warfare is shifting hands at a rapid pace. While the primary target will remain the people, so that they lose confidence in the state’s ability to protect them, the people attacking will not be visible on the battlefield.

The integration of AI aims to remove humans from the decision-making loop, as machines can process significantly more data than humans can before making a decision.

While introducing the term non-humanoid warfare, if it is not already in the strategic literature, I do not intend to challenge an already popular phrase of the 21st Century, the hybrid warfare, even though the concept is as old as warfare. The warfare has always been hybrid because initiators would utilise all available means, following the principles of concentration of force and offensive action.........

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