Pakistan’s agriculture sector is currently under severe pressure from climate change. In recent decades, unpredictable rainfall patterns ranging from untimely torrential downpours to recurring floods, along with sudden fluctuations in temperature, have had a profound impact on agricultural productivity.

Research has made it evident that not only floods but also prolonged and intense rainfall, rising temperatures, and erratic weather patterns have devastating consequences for crops. Among the most vulnerable is cotton, which suffers immense damage due to water-logging and oxygen deficiency in its roots.

Similarly, maize and vegetables cannot withstand excess water, while wheat and rice are increasingly affected by sudden temperature shifts and unusual rainfall. The cumulative effect of these climatic stresses has created significant challenges for farmers, who often lack access to timely information, advanced inputs, and adaptive technologies to mitigate losses.

Climate change has also made the intensity, duration, and distribution of rainfall unpredictable, while simultaneously accelerating the spread of agricultural pests and diseases. In cotton, pests such as pink bollworm and whitefly have become more........

© Business Recorder