With sound diplomatic strategies and a coherent foreign policy, India has the capacity to overcome the limitations of difficult borders, assert its role in the Global South, and foster cooperation in an emerging multi-polar world, writes Aarya R. P. Sardesai

In the contemporary world of shifting power equations and rising multi-polarity, geography continues to play a defining role in shaping national destinies. For India, a civilizational state situated at the heart of South Asia and flanked by the Indian Ocean, geography is not merely a backdrop but a dynamic factor influencing its politics, economics, diplomacy, and security. At a time when global conversations focus on strategic competition, supply chain resilience, and the Indo-Pacific order, India’s geography serves as both a challenge and an opportunity, framing its interactions with neighbors and its outreach to the wider world.

Geography is a simple word, but it contains a detailed meaning. Often in school, climatic conditions, phases of the moon, or solar and lunar eclipses seemed magical, but the complex processes behind them revealed that geography is both surreal and a divine blessing.

In the study of international relations and geopolitics, it becomes evident that the geography of a country plays a vital role in determining its future and its place in the ever-changing world order. Modernization and urbanization evolve constantly, yet the geographical treasure of a nation remains timeless and precious. India, with the Himalayas, the sacred Ganga, and the vast Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and Bay of Bengal, illustrates how geography has shaped political, social, cultural, economic, and military trajectories.

How would one feel if kept secluded from family and a healthy environment required for growth, provided only with basic amenities like food, clothing, and shelter? It would be frustrating........

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