The phrase "Hybrid Warfare" has, over the past 20 years, entered the lexicon of many languages, becoming a new term, yet it embodies extremely dangerous dimensions. When US Navy officer and Pentagon analyst Frank Hoffman first theorised this expression, he emphasised that Hybrid Warfare could be carried out not on a single front but across multiple fronts. According to him, the term conceals numerous tactical and technical elements that human intuition cannot easily detect. Particularly in today’s world, against the backdrop of rapid technological development, Hybrid Wars are becoming ever stronger, transforming into the deadliest of weapons.

Indeed, as time has passed, it has been proven that lethal weapons are no longer the primary instrument in wars. Today, information technologies, social media platforms, cyberattacks, narratives, as well as a range of economic pressures are sharper and deadlier than firearms.

Although the concept of Hybrid Warfare began to spread around two decades ago, this threat began to be felt far more strongly in Azerbaijan after 2020. Especially following Azerbaijan’s 44-day military operations against Armenian occupation, attacks against the country from different corners of the world began to manifest more openly and vividly. While the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan had lasted for 30 years, the fact that these countries were part of the post-Soviet space, and bearing in mind that during the Soviet regime their access to the outside world was limited, partly prevented external actors from interfering in the region. For instance, there were many organisations that did not even recognise the South Caucasus and, in their absurd ignorance, sometimes confused the region with Africa. Their lack of understanding of the conflict’s depth soon revealed their ambition to single out the Caucasus as a particular target. Those groupings, which had received........

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