The European Union has embarked on a new trajectory with the launch of its ReArm Europe programme, signalling a historic rise in military spending and industrial expansion. By 2030–2031, EU defence allocations are projected to reach unprecedented levels, potentially up to €2 trillion. This policy marks not only a military build-up but also a fundamental reindustrialisation of Europe, with governments seeking to involve private companies, expand defence production, and reduce reliance on both the United States and China. Certainly, the presence of Russian "Shahed" drones in Polish airspace last night has heightened concerns among European nations.

This ambitious strategy could reshape the continent’s security architecture, revive Europe’s industrial base, and alter social dynamics within member states. But it also raises important questions about stability, geopolitics, and whether Europe risks repeating historic patterns of militarisation.

To what extent will this reduce Europe’s dependence on the United States for security guarantees? What does this armament tell us about the future of the Ukrainian war? What does this mean for the war in Ukraine itself? How realistic is it for Europe to reduce its reliance on Chinese industrial supply chains while scaling up defence production?

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