Conflict is messy, and it can occur in various forms. Conflicts range from outright declarations of war between states to lingering forms of inter-state violence caused by civil war, insurgencies, or contestations between state and non-state actors. Conflicts also occur at the community level, with marginalised groups, including ethnic and religious minorities, often bearing the brunt of violence.

Conflicts invariably cause havoc in the lives of ordinary people, and they compound major socio-economic adversities. In addition to their human impacts, conflicts also have significant environmental implications. Conflicts cause pollution, hasten habitat loss, lead to resource depletion, and worsen climate change.

Yet the environmental implications of conflict remain unacknowledged. Military emissions also go unreported in most countries, and scant attention is paid to the environmental cost of engaging in conflicts and maintaining readiness to engage in conflict. However, just because the........

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