Not all physical activity is equal when it comes to protecting the brain from dementia. Where and why we move may matter more than most people realise.

A large new review of studies published in The Lancet Public Health found that leisure-time physical activity – such as sport, dancing or going to the gym – was linked to a 24% lower risk of dementia. Housework was linked to a 15% lower risk, although this finding came from just one study.

Occupational physical activity, on the other hand, was linked to a 20% increased risk of dementia.

The study compiled data from 74 studies involving more than 4.2 million people in 30 countries, making it one of the largest studies of its kind.

Brain protection is well established

Physical activity may protect the brain in several ways. It improves blood flow, helping to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the brain. It also causes muscles to release molecules that can reduce inflammation, help the brain use energy and encourage the growth of new brain cells.

That is one reason why reducing physical inactivity is a key part of the........

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