POZNAN University hosted the 9th edition of “Beyond Europe” international conference on the theme: “Indo-Pacific Dynamics In the new geopolitical landscape”. This scribe participated, speaking on the theme: ‘China and India in the Indo-Pacific: Complex Interdependence?’ This article is based on the presentation. The Indo-Pacific is no longer just a geographical expanse—it is the crucible where Asia’s destiny is being forged. This ocean is not merely a trade route—it is the stage where the future of Asia will be decided.

A.T. Mahan once warned: “Whoever controls the Indian Ocean will dominate Asia. The destiny of the world will be decided on its waters.” Indian diplomat K.M. Panikkar echoed decades later: “The Indian Ocean must remain truly Indian.” Their words resonate today as China and India contest influence across this vital maritime theatre—bound by geography—sometimes cooperating, often colliding. On land, the Himalayas remain tense, yet the rivalry at sea is sharper, more consequential.

China’s Maritime Silk Route stretches from Gwadar in Pakistan to Hambantota in Sri Lanka, to Djibouti in Africa. To Beijing, it is prosperity and connectivity. India counters by strengthening ties with Southeast Asia and investing in naval modernization. The contest is about influence and control of sea lanes that carry the lifeblood of global trade. As one strategist warns: “China builds strings of pearls; India must ensure they do not become........

© Pakistan Observer