HISTORY is shaped not only by wars and revolutions but also by agreements that redefine relationships among nations. The defence understanding reached by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye in Makkah is significant. Amid geopolitical transformation, it reflects recognition that security, sovereignty and regional stability require dependable partnerships. The agreement’s central principle is clear: an armed attack against any one of the three countries will be treated as an attack against all three. This transforms friendship into a structured strategic partnership. Its significance extends beyond defence. Pakistan is a major military power in South Asia; Saudi Arabia is a leading Arab and Muslim country with immense economic resources and spiritual significance; while Türkiye is a major military and industrial power at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Together, these complementary strengths create a strategic triangle with potential to influence regional security.

Makkah carries profound symbolism. As the spiritual heart of the Muslim world, it provides a setting for cooperation among three Muslim states. Yet the message should not be confrontation. The purpose of a defence partnership is deterrence—making aggression less attractive and reducing war. It should be viewed not as an alliance against anyone, but as a partnership for collective security; not preparation for war, but preparation to prevent it. Iran’s positive response is........

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