IN the modern era of hybrid warfare, the battlefield has shifted from physical borders to the digital screens of millions.

A sophisticated and highly coordinated disinformation campaign has recently been unearthed, revealing a multi-layered operation designed to fracture regional alliances and destabilize Pakistan’s diplomatic standing. At the heart of this campaign was a fabricated narrative that “Pakistan has betrayed Iran.” Far from a grassroots movement or a series of organic reports, this was a meticulously planned information warfare operation executed by a joint network of Indian and Afghan operators.

The campaign operated through a structured lifecycle identified by investigators as the Initiator-Proliferator-Amplifier model. This methodology was designed to bypass the natural skepticism of social media users by creating a false sense of authenticity through “identity........

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