In international politics, national power remains the ultimate hallmark of a sovereign state. A state’s ability to safeguard its independence, protect its territorial integrity and pursue its national interests depends upon the effective combination of various elements commonly referred to as the elements of national power. These include components such as geography, population, economy, political stability, national institutions, leadership and military strength. Among these elements, geopolitics occupies a central position in determining a state’s power potential. Geography not only defines opportunities for economic and diplomatic engagement but also exposes vulnerabilities that demand robust security arrangements. Equally important are the role of the masses and a credible economy. However, history unequivocally demonstrates that military power remains the decisive factor that ensures the survival and sovereignty of states.

Pakistan is uniquely positioned in this regard. Blessed with a strategic geopolitical location, Pakistan serves as a pivotal junction linking various regions of Asia. This geostrategic centrality enhances Pakistan’s relevance in regional and global politics, but it also attracts persistent rivalries, external pressures and security challenges. Such a strategic environment necessitates a strong, credible and professional military apparatus. Traditionally, the Pakistan military has functioned as a principal pillar of national power and a guarantor of the country’s sovereignty. The significance of military strength becomes particularly evident when one examines states that lack credible defensive capabilities.

History is replete with examples where politically........

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