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China’s Post-2018 Economic Statecraft: Sanctions, Countersanctions, and Export Controls

Where China once relied primarily on informal measures, its approach has gradually evolved into a more institutionalized and complex set of tools.

Xing Jiaying

China’s evolving export control regime targets a broad spectrum of other mineral resources and advanced technologies beyond the widely discussed...

China is modernizing its economic statecraft, mirroring Washington’s approach. How might Beijing leverage these evolving policy tools to navigate...