Human history often appears to be a chronicle of conflict. From ancient wars to modern geopolitical rivalries, violence has shaped borders, governments and societies. Yet beneath the headlines of division lies a powerful and often overlooked trend: humanity has steadily moved towards greater cooperation. While peace may seem distant in many regions today, the long arc of history suggests that global peace is not merely desirable — it is inevitable. This assertion may appear optimistic at a time when wars continue to rage and international tensions remain high. However, history demonstrates that societies learn from the devastating costs of conflict. The two World Wars of the twentieth century resulted in unprecedented destruction, but they also gave rise to international institutions, diplomatic norms and legal frameworks designed to prevent future catastrophes. The creation of multilateral organizations, regional alliances and international courts reflected a growing recognition that cooperation serves national interests better than perpetual confrontation. Economic interdependence has become another powerful force for peace. In an increasingly connected world, nations depend on one another for trade, investment, technology and resources. Armed conflict disrupts supply chains, damages markets and undermines prosperity. As economies become more integrated, the incentives for maintaining stable relations grow stronger. Countries that once viewed each other primarily as adversaries now often regard one another as essential economic partners. Technology and communication have also transformed human relationships. The internet and social media have enabled people across continents to interact directly, fostering greater awareness of shared aspirations and challenges. Climate change, pandemics and economic instability do not recognise national borders. These global problems require collective solutions, reinforcing the understanding that........

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