The debate over the recent Israel-Iran war often focuses on military tactics, intelligence successes, and regional power balances. Yet one reality stands above all others: Israel could not have launched, sustained, or defended such a campaign without extensive support from the United States. This is not a statement about Israel’s military competence. Israel possesses one of the most technologically advanced armed forces in the world, sophisticated intelligence capabilities, and a formidable air force. However, a war against Iran presents challenges that extend far beyond Israel’s independent capacity. For decades, Israeli leaders have viewed Iran’s nuclear program as an existential threat. Despite repeated warnings and preparations, Israeli governments hesitated to strike Iran’s most sensitive nuclear facilities without Washington’s backing. Military analysts have long noted that many of Iran’s key installations are deeply buried, geographically dispersed, and protected by extensive air defenses. Some targets require capabilities that only the United States possesses, including specialized bunker-busting munitions and strategic logistical support. Experts have repeatedly argued that an Israeli attack on Iran’s nuclear infrastructure would be difficult to execute effectively without American involvement. The war demonstrated that military operations are not only about attacking targets but also about sustaining a campaign. Long-range strikes require intelligence sharing, aerial refueling, advanced munitions, satellite surveillance, and diplomatic cover. The United States has provided Israel with all of these elements over many years. American assistance has helped maintain Israel’s qualitative military edge and enabled operations that would otherwise be significantly more difficult. Equally important was the defensive dimension. Any confrontation with Iran inevitably invites retaliation through missiles, drones, and allied regional groups. Israel’s ability to absorb and intercept........

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