Climate change is a relentless force, which combines with governance gaps and public neglect, to repeatedly expose Pakistan to catastrophic flooding. The 2010 and 2022 floods caused massive damage. Millions of people and the struggling economy were still recovering from the 2022 floods when the country was battered by floods again this year. While it is impossible to predict exactly when the next flood will strike, it is obvious that Pakistan still lacks an effective flood mitigation strategy.

Pakistan has policies for flood management, but a lack of implementation means that the country's flood resilience capabilities remain grossly inadequate. It is unfortunate that Pakistan has become a hotspot for climate change despite having an economic footprint which remains too modest to significantly impact global emissions. Pakistan also has little influence over the drivers of global warming such as the world's continued reliance on fossil fuels. However, there is a lot Pakistan can do to strengthen its........

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