We often hear about the importance of meaningful friendship to our lives – and the sense of belonging, recognition and care they provide. Yet, for the vast majority, friendships remain secondary to family and romantic relationships. The latter receive legal recognition, and have a higher social ranking than the former.

Why is this the case, if friendship is indeed so important? And is it something that could – or should – come with legally binding rights and recognition?

The fluidity of friendship

Friendship can vary in intimacy, closeness and the kinds of support it provides. It can therefore be difficult to define.

Sociologist Harry Blatterer cautions that defining it too broadly risks emptying the concept of its distinct meaning.

He argues friendship is characterised by a unique “relational freedom”, and marked by a lack of institutionalisation. It is built on choice and flexibility – unlike romantic love, which is linked to the legal institution of marriage (and has historically been structured by heterosexuality).

The importance of friendship

Research has consistently linked strong friendships with greater wellbeing and health.

One 2023 systematic review of studies found that adult friendship is positively correlated with wellbeing. Longitudinal research conducted in Australia has also shown how positive relationships, including with friends, are a major........

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