The timing of a hospital appointment does more than tell you when to see a doctor. It can also shape how you get there. For some older patients, an early appointment can fall before their concessionary bus pass, which provides free bus travel, becomes valid. An unreliable bus service can mean having to leave much earlier than necessary. And an appointment at a specialist hospital rather than the one closest to home can turn a straightforward journey into one that involves several connections.

For someone who is already unwell, these are not minor inconveniences. A short appointment can involve hours of travelling and waiting, followed by the challenge of getting home again.

Research shows that transport can affect access to healthcare. A 2024 review of research into repeated missed appointments found that transport problems, distance and access to services were among the reasons people struggled to attend. It also highlighted the value of more flexible, patient-centred appointment systems.

There are implications for the climate too. Patient and visitor journeys account for more than 40% of transport emissions from England’s NHS. The most recent figures from the Department for Transport’s now-discontinued journey-time statistics, which cover 2019, show that around two-thirds of households in England could not reach their nearest hospital within 30 minutes by public transport or walking.

More recent research illustrates how healthcare itself generates substantial travel. A 2025 study of 6,599 NHS patients in Greater Glasgow found that annual hospital travel varied........

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