New research on a group of Australian preschoolers suggests more than 40% are dealing with an anxiety disorder.

The study, led by Monash University and published in the journal of Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, was based on interviews with the mothers of 545 three- and four-year-olds.

It found 48% of the group met criteria for a mental health disorder, with 43% meeting the criteria for an anxiety disorder. This included separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobias (for example, fear of the dark) and generalised anxiety disorder.

While these results seem shocking, the researchers note they should be “treated as preliminary and with caution”.

Other research tells us it’s quite normal for young children to experience some level of anxiety.

How can parents protect their children from anxiety? And how can you tell if they – and you – need more help to manage their mental health?

Some worries are normal

Anxiety is a natural response to a perceived threat, uncertainty or stress. It typically involves feelings of worry, nervousness or unease, along with body reactions such as increased heart rate, muscle tension and stomach issues.

Some degree of anxiety and worry is completely expected in preschool-aged children. Research tells us mild anxiety can even play a protective role — it helps us learn to identify and respond to potential threats.

Common worries and anxieties experienced at this developmental stage include fear of separation from caregivers, new people or situations, loud noises, the dark or nightmares and transitions (for example, going from home to daycare).

In the new Australian study, which we........

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