This article was originally published on the NITI Frontier Tech Respository.

India’s urban classrooms are undergoing a quiet transformation. No longer confined to textbooks and static assessments, they are beginning to adopt AI-powered systems that observe, adapt, and respond — turning schools into interactive learning ecosystems.

Cities like Belagavi and Pimpri Chinchwad are early examples of this shift. By deploying tools such as deep learning-based eBooks, AI classroom surveillance, and real-time behavior tracking, they are not only improving student engagement but also generating insights into attention spans, teaching practices, and classroom effectiveness.

Educational inequalities — be it in comprehension, attention, or access — often go undetected in crowded classrooms. Teachers cannot consistently monitor every learner’s needs or track nuanced patterns like disengagement or cognitive overload.

In Belagavi, the education department launched a........

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