Opinion | How PM Modi Changed The Definition Of Social Security In India

The definition of who deserves social security in India has been permanently redrawn and includes everyone, bringing to life Modi’s political slogan of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas

When Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Jan Suraksha schemes on May 9, 2015, he introduced three new government programmes. But they weren’t just run-of-the-mill government schemes. They were a fundamentally different answer to a question India had long deferred: what does the state owe its most economically vulnerable citizens, the daily wage worker, the street vendor, the landless agricultural labourer, beyond the act of opening a bank account?

The answer came in the form of three interlocking schemes: Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), a term life insurance plan; Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), an accidental death and disability cover; and Atal Pension Yojana (APY), a guaranteed pension scheme for unorganised sector workers. Eleven years later, the foundation is set, and now the three of them together represent low-cost, bank-linked, digitally delivered social security, which has produced numbers on a scale few anticipated.

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Well, to understand that, the starting point matters. In 2015, only an estimated 20 per cent of India’s population had any form of insurance coverage. More than 90 per cent of the workforce was employed in the unorganised sector, entirely outside the pension and provident........

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